What should I know about cervical cancer and HPV?

What is the most frequently asked question you receive about cervical cancer?

One of the most common questions is how to detect cervical cancer early. The answer is that regular Pap smears (also called Pap tests) are crucial for early detection. These screenings can identify changes in the cervix that may lead to cancer, often before symptoms appear.

What is the main cause of cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer is primarily caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus is spread through skin-to-skin contact, typically during sexual activity, and can infect anyone who has ever had a sexual encounter—even without penetration.

Can HPV affect people who have never had sexual intercourse?

HPV is spread through skin-to-skin contact, so it can affect anyone who has had any type of sexual contact, including those who have not had penetration. It’s important to note that the virus can also be passed even when there are no visible symptoms.

Is HPV always dangerous?

No, in most cases, HPV is harmless. Many people who contract it have no symptoms, and the body clears most HPV infections naturally. However, some high-risk types of HPV can cause cervical cell changes, which, if not detected early, can develop into cervical cancer.

Can HPV remain dormant and be transmitted later?

Yes, HPV can remain dormant in the body for years. A person may contract HPV from a previous partner, and then, even if they’re no longer sexually active with that partner, unknowingly transmit the virus to a new partner, including a spouse.

If most HPV infections are harmless, why is screening still important?

While most HPV infections do not lead to cervical cancer, some high-risk strains can cause changes in the cervix that, over time, may lead to cancer if not detected. Regular screening with Pap and HPV tests is essential because it can detect pre-cancerous changes early, which are treatable.

How long does it take for cervical cancer to develop after an HPV infection?

Cervical cancer typically takes 10 to 20 years or more to develop after an HPV infection. This is why it is essential for women to continue screening, even if they are no longer sexually active, as cervical cancer can develop slowly over time.

Are there specific times of year when cervical cancer is more likely to occur?

Cervical cancer can occur at any time, so it’s important not to wait for a specific season or event to get screened. Early detection and treatment can save lives, regardless of the time of year.

What else should the public know about HPV and cervical cancer?

One key point is that the HPV vaccine is crucial for preventing HPV-related cancers, including cervical cancer. The vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls, starting at age 11, to provide protection before any sexual activity begins. Additionally, HPV can cause other cancers in both males and females. In males, it can lead to head, neck, anal, and penile cancers. In females, it can cause vulvar and vaginal cancers.

Do condoms help prevent HPV transmission?

Latex condoms can reduce the risk of HPV transmission, but they do not eliminate it entirely. Since HPV is spread through skin-to-skin contact, areas not covered by a condom can still be exposed to the virus.

Dr. Zempolich wants you to remember that regular screenings, vaccinations, and awareness about HPV and its risks are key to preventing cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers. It is important to stay informed and take preventive measures to protect your health.

Dr. Zempolich works at Teton Cancer Institute (TCI) and is dedicated to treating her patients while promoting the urgency of preventative steps.